Ikromechushie fishes

Swingeing majority of fishes propagates oneself by ikrometaniya. The marriage period in the life of ikromechushih fishes is accepted to name spawning, and place, where this process passes, by spawning-ground. During spawning female accompanied, pursued or attracted by males in accordance with the marriage ritual of that or other type of fishes, spawns, impregnated by molokami of males.
At the most fishes this and the paternal anxiety about posterity is limited. Small that, many fishes with avidity eat up it, just vimetannuyu caviar, and from the lots and lots of ikrinok brought into the world a lot of posterity develops not too. Besides part of ikrinok remains impregnated, but from the proklyunuvshihsya larvae to the adult state dogivaet only insignificantly small percent. Presumably, this and is explained a surprisingly good number ikrinok, producible by fishes, of.
However a number of kinds shows the anxiety about its posterity, guarding a caviar and molod on the larval stage, and some are guardian and fries growing up during the protracted time. These fishes use for ikrometaniya different refuges, grottoes, ceramic wares or clear for placing of ikrinok pebbles, listya of plants or areas of glasses of aquariums. And then guard a caviar and larvae. Other build for this nest from the bubbles of suds, as this is done by the labyrinth fishes. Kolyushki is arranged by the real nests from the stems of submarine vegetation. And some tsihlidi mature a caviar and raise molod in the paternal fall which serves and by incubator and saving refuge for molodi growing up, like the bag of kangaroo. Certainly, such anxiety about posterity secures the best safety of molodi. Fishes which such anxiety is peculiar throw less of ikrinok, than their «carefree» sorodichi.
The process of development of caviar at different fishes flows differently: from the days of about a few months. At one kinds the development of caviar quick takes place on to light, at other — in the conditions of darkening. The oxygen mode and quality of water, necessary for the successful reproduction of fishes both in the natural terms, are extraordinarily different, and in aquariums. As a rule, fishes dwelling in the light, transparent waters of rivers and lakes spawn in the aquariums well lighted up, and the inhabitants of dark, slowly current and stand-up reservoirs with the peaty silty bed better feel in aquariums with the dark soil by the dim, dissipated light. Their caviar and larvae more successful develop in the conditions of darkening.
The larval stage of development of molodi at the ikromechushih fishes is characterized to those, that proklyunuvshayasya molod motionlessly hangs on plants, glasses of aquarium or on soil and still does not feed, but develops due to the nutritives concluded in the geltochnom bubble. The caviar and larvae of some fishes dwelling in reservoirs under pologom of tropical rain forests with the soft, peaty, slightly acidified water of brownish color more successful develop in darkness. Small that, frequently perish on to light. Presumably, they are ruined by mikroflora which, vice versa, more successful develops in the conditions of luminosity. Maybe, this takes place as a result of the changes, taking place in water which constantly co-operates with environment, and more actively this takes place exactly on to light.
However when the larval stage is closed and the fries begin to feed independently, for some it is appropriately to light an aquarium wholly, but so that the rays of light (better sun) penetrated through the small road clearance, creating an area of high concentration of infusoria and kolovratok. Here to the fries which still are very weak, it is easier to collect this mikrokorm. To such devices it has to come running at breeding of many haratsinovih and some other kinds. The marriage mood and subsequent spawning stimulate a number of substantial factors. Foremost — this pubescence of the fishes attaining «age of love» at the proper terms of maintenance and feeding. Speaking about the terms of maintenance, note should be taken on the sufficient capacity of virostnogo aquarium, which can secure necessary space of motion of fishes. At failing it many fishes are inclined to obesity, and this negatively tells on their capacities for reproduction.
In addition, the aquarium must not be perenaselen. And not only because in such apartment to fishes, as a rule, oxygen does not suffice. Artificial aeratsiya removes this factor, but products of vital functions of fishes, entering water, cause a number of violations of growth and development. Not only the surplus concentration serves by the reason of the partial or even disastrous poisoning of fishes, it serves by the factor braking growth. It is known, that in the large spacious aquarium of fish grow much larger, than their sorodichi above-ground in the crowd conditions. Aquarium most fishes are not accidental by no means do not achieve the sizes of its wild forefathers.
It is considered, that shallow fishes with the insignificant mass of body (guppi, girardinusi, neons) are possible to be contained coming from computation two litres of water on pair. About 5—6 litres on two are required to fishes of middle sizes (petsilii, shallow barbusi and dr.). Approximately 10 litres on pair are necessary to the more large fishes (mechenostsi, mollinezii, fiery barbusi). And approximately 50 litres are necessary to massive tsihlazomam and varieties of goldfish on two individuals. Certainly, that this is very conditional norms. Wherein teplovodnie ekzoti will feel fully comfort, holodnovodnim and to the mobile fishes of our home rivers or will be unbearably close to the American perches and stuffily.
Other provision is been by the correct feeding of fishes-producers at all stages of growing. At the insufficient feed immediately on exit of molodi from the larval stage the growth and development of it is braked. And such zamorishi falling behind in growth and development in the early age, scarcely can become of full value producers. From these considering at the purchase of young fishes on purpose rear from them the producers it does not follow to take sapling assorted on sizes and sold cheaper.
As a rule, this fries from one brood, but falling behind in growth and development.
Adult fishes intended for breeding need a various forage. Best of all to alternate for them motil, trubochnik, koretru and shallow crawfishes. Motil and trubochnik purchased at the market or in pet-shop, before skarmlivaniem it is desirable to hold some for time in the three-liter jar with the net cold water about hour, and then repeatedly wash, to take to the minimum disastrous admixtures of sewages in which at times obtain these forages. Motil more recently considered comparatively net forage. However lately muscovites-amateurs are supplied to especially shallow, by so-called «south» motilem which develops in the same environment, that and trubochnik.
Along with pubescence to one of stimuli of spawning there can be seasonality of reproduction of these fishes in the environmental conditions for some kinds. This foremost behaves toward the fishes not traditionally conducted in aquariums, for example to kolyushkam, gorchakam, and to the kinds recently becoming objects of aquarium culture.
Stimuli of marriage mood of external order some. One of them — presence of the marriage partner ready to spawning. This stimulus works more successful, if before landing in the spawning-ground of raznopolih fishes some time to contain separately. In one cases of fishes seat separately for 10-15 days to landing in spawning-ground, in other — hold them separately from moment, as soon as becomes possible rassortirovat fishes on floor.
By stimulus the rise of temperature of water to the spawning norms of the given kind serves to reproduction of many kinds. As a rule, temperature of spawning-ground on 2—3°S higher than the ordinary temperature of maintenance of fishes. Raising and contain fishes in the periods of rest at the spawning temperatures is undesirable, because this frequently negatively tells on development of sapling and provokes the early senescence of fishes.
The lowered water level in spawning-ground for many fishes also stimulates a marriage mood.
This above all things behaves toward fishes of the shallow reservoirs of tropics drying up, for example, to fundulusam and to the labyrinth fishes which hurry to leave posterity to the offensive of the drought disastrous for the adult fishes. Besides lowering of water level in spawning-ground secures the best satiation of water by oxygen due to the superficial interchange of gases. And molod on the early stages of development easier finds a mikrokorm in the pridonnom layer of water at its low level.
Many kinds dwelling in the area of rain forests spawn with the offensive of season of rains, which privnosit in reservoirs threads of the water near on composition to distilled. In the aquarium terms spawning of these fishes stimulates addition in spawning-ground approximately third of the fresh defended water soft, with the neutral reaction.
And there are kinds to which for spawning the stimulus is necessary as the special «furnishings» of spawning-ground as refuges for ikrometaniya or suitable for this substrata: stone, definite plants or artificial their replacement from porolona or plastic. Similar devices are necessary at breeding of the fishes showing an anxiety about posterity, And for the fishes eating up its caviar, substrat from the thick melkolistvennih plants serves for saving of it from the gluttonous parents. Sometimes for this purpose use a net separator or plastic, similar that which apply on windows for defence from flies and mosquitoes.